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The Samhain Samhain

As I promised yesterday, here's a summary of my knowledge on Samhain (meaning SAUIN). I hope not to report false or contradicted by other knowledge that I have. Before you begin, I warn the reader that is going to spend time with this post, that would do better to scroll down to check the length of it. As can easily see, my dear reader, we're not talking about two lines thrown in, so think carefully before you start reading. Think about it well maybe also because, legally, of Samhain to you do you care what China cares to the Kyoto Protocol! If you think you can pimp this rule, however, well good read, in the hope that you will come out enriched concepts in life, I speak from experience, do not ever talk to anyone!

start. Preliminary fundamental basis for understanding what I say, about the overall vision of the world, the gods and the space-time dimension that had the Celts. For the Celts there is a guiding concept in the primary vision of the world: the universal polarity. All phenomena arise from the interaction cross between the opposite poles of any kind are these poles. Let me explain. The primary key of the Celtic vision of reality is based on the dualism of sacred-Tribe Earth. It would take too long to describe now what is the intrinsic meaning of these terms, so I invite the reader to accept them as the assumptions on which it will build the following discussion. Tribes are also associated to the concept of God, and Summer Day. Earth is associated instead the concept of the Goddess ( the Mother Goddess that generates all things, but also the Goddess depriving the Tribe at his pleasure of what it needs, always at the end of a cosmic cycle, and then always with the aim of giving, then again what has taken off.) Winter and Night. Even while also having the dualism: This World, Otherworld (kingdom of the dead and the lesser deities). Neven HENAFF scholar defines this opposition Sam-Giam, from the ancient Celtic samos and giamos , or "summer" and "winter." It is the existence and interaction of these two principles that give rise to the change and therefore the existence of individual entities individual. The space is subject to that law prevails and the dualistic division between south (which is the Night, is the realm of the Goddess, and is just south of the World Tree that there is a physical plane of existence dell'Altromondo) and North (on the kingdom of God and the Tribe). Of course, as also the time space is divided into two halves: giamos , from November 1 to May 1, half the night and winter, and samos , from May 1 to November 1, half , and Day of Summer. Each of the two halves in turn is further divided into two, repeating the duality Day-Night, so that by partitioning the spring quarters and two new seasons: Feb. 1, in the mid giamos begins Spring , or half "light" oriented samos , August 1 and in parallel, in the mid samos , begins the Fall, the harvest season and the dark half oriented giamos , even within the samos . Each of the four seasons is inaugurated by a holiday: Samhain, Imbolc, Beltaine and Lughnasadh. The first is the most important and most powerful of the four, for the Celts as the year begins with the period of darkness, is to precede the giamos samos as the unconscious precedes the conscious, pregnancy before birth, we could say that the day was seen as the "fruit" of the night and started at sunset (as the light "emerged" from the dark), the summer was also the result of pregnancy winter. It is obvious to derive from the rural dimension of life of the Celtic tribes who lived on farming and agriculture. The second most important festival is Beltane, and followed in third place, tied, Imbolc and Lughnasadh.

So, " the essence of time and change" (ref., Alexei Kondratiev: Time of the Celts). Analyzing the couple God-Goddess, the God is "active will apply itself through the dimension of time, while the Goddess is the one who provides the persistence and continuity experience [...] All beings exist in the contact point of these two principles. " The change occurs through the choice of the Goddess who chooses, from time to time, an element that can alter the active principle-God and does the balance tip the balance toward the giamos or samos . Specifically, exemplifying the speech, the God (understood as time) is shown in two different deities: Cernunnos and Maponos. I will not dwell on the meanings, as a new postulate assumetelo!

We come finally to Samhain. As already mentioned, it opens the return Darkness, as any growth takes place in darkness. With the new beginning, ending the agreement between the Tribe and the Earth (ie it ceases to bestow his gifts who feed the Tribe) and only resume all'Imbolc place this interaction. Until recently it was still rooted in the folk tradition that prevented it from collecting any fruit of the woods after Samhain, because from now on under the influence of the "devil", or to bring in Celtic terms, because now belonging to Fomorians, deities associated subsoil the chaos but also to fertility, cha after the start of the dark period are no longer obliged to give their support to the Tribe. Much of the celebration of Samhain is also aimed at restarting the sacred fire and all the domestic hearth. First things first. We can identify five themes, all equally important in the Celtic celebration of Samhain:

1: The renovation, carried out in the ritual bonfire

2: The hospitality to the dead

3: dissolution, which occurs through disguises and jokes

4: The suspension of time, in fact, the Samhain is not a day that does not belong to any of the two temporal dimensions (as well as spatial) of the new or the old year, the giamos or samos , stands outside of time (and space, in fact, the veil that separates dall'Altromondo thins and that is why the dead can come back to Earth).

5: The Sacrifice: The crop is to be paid, so it pays tribute to the spirits of the Earth.

The ritual of the fire was definitely the crux of the religious celebration: the Samhain Eve (remember that the day begins at sunset on Oct. 31!), then the day October 31, all outbreaks were allowed off. Then he lit a bonfire in the holy city of Tlachtga, this is because the city symbolizes the kingdom of Munster, which in turn represents all the characteristics associated with the management of the South (which I explained otherwise out a book ) and we know the realm of the Goddess (accepted simplification, I do not want people who really know that is not the case). Therefore, the sacred fire, lit in this place, is seen as the gift of the Goddess to the Tribe.

As mentioned above, the dead are an integral part of religious ritual. This is because on this day the separation between the earthly world and Otherworld is not satisfied, then the spirits of deceased loved ones are free to go beyond the veil and return to find their relatives. I live had a duty to show respect and hospitality to the ancestors. For this reason, windows and doors were not locked, as an invitation to these spirits. The popular image is that of the crowd wandering from house to house in order also to visit relatives, who must hold a banquet leaving food rations specially for the dead. Anyone who expressed greed and eat the food of the deceased, would have been banned from eating it even after his death. He was, however, in such conduct, even a much more earthly reason. Were in fact organized cennad y meirw or messages for the dead, in which the messengers of the dead (y cenhadon meirw ) went door to door, singing the nursery rhyme fit, demanding the so-called soul cakes, or desserts specially prepared for the dead that they would eat as embodied representatives of the dead relatives of the donor. The implication was that land in practice, were chosen as the poorest and most messengers ated, so that the ritual became a way to sustain even the weakest of the Tribe.

The third point is closely related to the second visit of the dead. It was thought that to best honor the dead, you should show them how life go by and introduce them to new generations. This is why we created games and disguises, in order to cheer the dead. But the dissolution can also be seen as a reversal of social norms, because it is With the dissolution that may identify the new identity, that of the unconscious and meditation giamos feature that is about to begin (the giamos is no action, or rather the action of the preparation samos), this identity is dell'Altromondo more open to the gifts and thus able to magically influence the environment. The dissolution, however, is also linked to the suspension of time, just means that the point of transition between the old and new, there is the possibility of opening your mind divination as it can broaden their horizons and feel the timeline in its entirety.

Finally, the Sacrifice, the theme of today's most forgotten of Samhain (in which the modern Halloween has relegated only the symbol of Dissolution (and perhaps marginalemte Suspension Thunder). Even today, some Irish rural communities are running the annual killing of pets. Traditionally what happens to the November 11, for St. Martin's Day (but remember that this period coincided with Samhain in the old Julian calendar!). For the Celts animals were the primary source of income, with Samhain, they abandoned their pastures and were preparing to spend the winter inside the stables and corrals. The anomalous that it was believed they would not have passed the winter were killed in order not to starve the others too, so the event had a utilitarian nature as well as religious. From this point of view, we returned to the land that had provided the vital energy, through the blood of animals killed, which was paid to Fomorians for their cooperation during the harvest and act as a propitiation for the following year. Of course, in ancient times, was the blood to be offered in human sacrifice, even sacrifice perpetrated by drawing lots, but stoically accepted that the victim, since he was invested with the role of messenger for Fomorians. This barbaric practice is also evidenced by findings in human as well as from written sources.

Summarily, I summed up, albeit in a simplistic and incomplete, the true meaning of the Celtic festival of Samhain. I do not want those who know of Celtic culture if you have found this information incomplete, I just tried to summarize the knowledge gained in the book of Kondratiev, without upsetting, and integrate with other knowledge gained over the years. To all the readers, I wish instead Merry Nameday, because today marks the Feast of All Saints!

PS The fact that the issue today is no accident: the Church decided to move in May, (ancient Roman festival of the dead) to 1 November, due to deeply rooted traditions of Celtic they saw on this day the spirits of the dead through the veil and socialize with their loved ones. Unable to eradicate this strong conviction, the church appropriated it!